OverviewFormNon-Contrafactual SubjunctiveNon-Aspectual SubjunctiveNon-Aspectual Subjunctive Forms of करनाAspectual SubjunctiveHabitual SubjunctiveContinuous SubjunctivePerfect SubjunctiveContrafactual SubjunctiveNon-Aspectual Contrafactual SubjunctiveNon-Aspectual Contrafactual Forms of करनाAspectual Contrafactual SubjunctiveHabitual Contrafactual SubjunctiveContinuous Contrafactual SubjunctivePerfect Contrafactual SubjunctiveUsageIn ClausesSubordinate ClausesIndependent UsagesImperative SubjunctiveIntroductionThe subjunctive mood is incredibly prevalent in Hindi.
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The titles of many type of popular movies contain the subjunctive mood, such as:
“जाने तू या जाने न” – “Whether you recognize it or not”
“कल हो न हो” – “Tomorrow might or might not be”, i.e. there could not be any tomorrow
“रंग दे बसंती” – “Color (me) basanti” (a color signifying a patriotic sacrifice)
If you visit India, you will certainly probably enrespond to indications that use the subjunctive mood, such as:
“कृपया मंदिर के बहार अपने जूते उतार दें” – “Please remove your shoes external the temple”
“कृपया रेलिंग से दुरी बनाये रखें” – “Please keep a distance from the railing”
If you fly on an airplane in India, you will certainly hear announcements that use the subjunctive mood, such as:
सभी यात्रियों से निवेदन है कि वे अपनी कुर्सी की पेटी बांध लें – “We repursuit that all passengers fasten their seat belt”
सभी यात्रियों से अनुरोध है कि वे अपना सामान अकेला न छोड़ें – “We request that all passengers not leave their baggage unattended”
You will most likely hear some common expressions that involve the subjunctive mood, such as:
जो हो सो हो – “Whatever will certainly be will be”
The subjunctive mood is one of the 4 verb moods in Hindi.
The subjunctive mood is offered to express an activity or state that is someexactly how unreal, such as a possibility, condition, theoretical statement, opinion, contingency, analogy, desire, contrafactual statement, duty, or responsibility, etc., quite than an actual action or state.
For instance, take into consideration an example:
मैंने उसे सुझाव दिया कि वह वकील से बात करे – I suggested that he talk to a lawyer
In the previous instance, the verb बात करे is in the subjunctive mood and also is in the subordinate clausage कि वह वकील से बात करे. It is “unreal” because it is a idea, not an actual occasion.
उसने मुझे बताया कि उसने वकील से बात की
In the previous example, the indicative verb बात की was supplied bereason the speaker is describing an actual event.
The term “subjunctive” derives from the Latin word subjunctivus, meaning “joined at the end”. This name alludes to the truth that subjunctive verbs are regularly supplied in subordinate claprovides (which are frequently joined at the finish of the major clause). However, the subjunctive mood is also frequently provided in loved one clasupplies and conditional clauses, and tbelow are numerous independent offers of the subjunctive mood, i.e., offers that aren’t necessarily inside a specific form of clause.
English Subjunctive Verbs
Consider a couple of examples of the subjunctive mood in English:
I argued that he talk to a lawyer”
In the previous example, the subjunctive verb “talk” was offered. The indicative verb would be “talks”. The subjunctive mood was provided because this verb is in the subordinate clause “that …”.
If I were you, I would certainly be careful
In the previous example, the subjunctive verb “were” was supplied. The indicative verb would certainly be “was”. The subjunctive mood was used because this verb is in a conditional clausage.
We have to behave as if we were being watched
In the previous example, the subjunctive verb “were” was used. It was provided bereason it is in a subordinate clausage introduced by “as if”, which is used to make theoretical statements or contrafactual (contrary to fact) statements.
I wish I knew the answer to your question
In the previous example, the subjunctive verb “knew” was used. The indicative verb is “I know”. The subjunctive mood was offered because it is a wish, and also also bereason it is contrafactual.
Be careful, lest you be deceived
The subjunctive mood is provided via certain words such as “lest”.
The new regulation requires that all taxes be passist sooner
In the previous example, a subjunctive verb was supplied in a subordinate clausage. It is a command also, not an actual event.
If I had known then what I know currently, I would certainly have made a various decision
In English, “had”, and also “would” are supplied to make contrafactual sentences, as in the last instance.
Examples of the Hindi SubjunctiveConsider the complying with examples of subjunctive verbs in Hindi:
वह चाहता है कि मैं उसे हिन्दी बोलना सिखा दूं (He wants me to teach him to sheight Hindi)
In the previous example, the verb सिखा दूं is in the subjunctive mood. It is in the subordinate clausage “कि मैं उसे हिन्दी बोलना सिखा दूं”.
इससे पहले कि आप सोचें कि हिन्दी सीखना बहुत कठिन है, हम आपको विश्वास दिलाना चाहते हैं कि आप आवश्य हिन्दी सीख सकते हैं. (Before you think that learning Hindi is also hard, we want to ascertain you that you deserve to absolutely learn Hindi)
In the previous instance, the verb सोचें is in the subjunctive mood. It is in the subordinate clausage “कि आप सोचें”.
बच्चा विद्यालय जाना शुरु करे, इससे पहले उसके माता-पिता को कुछ तैयारियां करनी चाहिए (Before a child starts to go to school, his or her paleas must make some preparations)
In the previous instance, the verb शुरु करे is in the subjunctive mood. It is component of the subordinate clause “बच्चा विद्यालय जाना शुरु करे”, which in this instance is not introduced by any type of subordinating conjunction.
जो हिन्दी पसंद करता हो उसे यह लेख पढ़ना चाहिए (Whoever before likes Hindi should check out this article)
In the previous instance, the verb करता हो is in the subjunctive mood. It is in the family member clause “जो हिन्दी पसंद करता हो”.
अगर आप हिंदी सीखना चाहें तो यह लेख आप के लिए उपयोगी होगा (If you want to learn Hindi, then this post will be helpful to you)
In the previous instance, the verb चाहें is in the subjunctive mood. It is component of the conditional clause “अगर आप हिंदी सीखना चाहें”.
मैं रोज़ हिन्दी समाचार पत्रों की वेबसाइटों पर प्रकाशित होने वाले लेख पढ़ता हूं ताकि मेरी हिंदी पढ़ने की क्षमता बढ़ जाए (I read articles publiburned on Hindi news websites daily so that my ability to review Hindi will increase)
In the previous instance, the verb बढ़ जाए is in the subjunctive mood and also is part of the subordinate clause “मेरी हिंदी पढ़ने की क्षमता बढ़ जाए”.
वह खाना ऐसे खा गया जैसे कि उसने कई दिनों से कुछ न खाया हो (He devoured the food as if he hadn’t consumed for numerous days)
The previous example contains the subjunctive verb खाया हो in the subordinate clause “जैसे कि उसने कई दिनों से कुछ नहीं खाया हो”.
अगर मैंने हिंदी बोलने का अभ्यास किया होता तो मैं आज हिंदी बोल सकता (If I had practiced speaking Hindi then I would be able to sheight Hindi today)
The previous example includes the contrafactual subjunctive verbs अभ्यास किया होता and also बोल सकता.
काश कि मैं हिंदी बोल सकता (I wish that I can stop Hindi)
The previous example includes the contrafactual subjunctive verb बोल सकता.
मैं क्या करूं (What must I do?)
The previous example consists of the subjunctive verb करूं.
जिसने कभी पाप न किया हो वह पहला पत्थर मारे (Let the one that has actually never before sinned cast the initially stone)
The previous example includes the subjunctive verb पाप किया हो in a relative clausage, and the subjunctive verb मारे.
कृपया अपनी कुर्सी की पेटी बांध लें (Please fasten your seat belt)
The previous instance contains the subjunctive verb बांध लें.
एक पल के लिए हम कल्पना करें कि हम दुनिया की किसी कोने में हों जो बाहरी दुनिया से अलग हो (Let’s imagine for a minute that we are in some edge of the human being that is separated from the external world)
The previous instance has three subjunctive verbs: कल्पना करें, हों, and also हो.
जन्मदिन मुबारक हो (Happy birthday; literally: may your birthday be auspicious)
The previous example consists of the subjunctive verb हो.
मैं इतना सुन्दर नहीं हूं कि मैं फिल्मों में काम करूं – “I’m not good-looking sufficient to occupational in films”
The previous instance includes the subjunctive verb काम करूं in a subordinate clausage that correlates through इतना.
‘ल’ से शुरू होते हों और ‘न’ से ख़त्म होते हों, ऐसे शब्दों के उदाहरण दो – “Give me examples of words that begin via ‘l’ and also finish via ‘n"”
.
The previous instance consists of the subjunctive verbs शुरू/ख़त्म होते हों which correlate via the expletive ऐसे.
FormHindi subjunctive verbs follow a very consistent pattern.
Hindi subjunctive verbs can be divided into 2 categories: non-contrafactual and contrafactual. Contrafactual verbs make statements that are assumed to be false (like “If I were rich”), whereas non-contrafactual verbs execute not.
Hindi subjunctive verbs deserve to likewise be split into two even more categories: non-aspectual and aspectual. Aspectual subjunctive verbs specify an element, whereas non-aspectual subjunctive verbs execute not.
Non-aspectual verbs consist of a single word. Hence, they might also be called basic subjunctive verbs. Aspectual verbs consist of multiple words. Therefore, they might additionally be referred to as complicated subjunctive verbs.
Simple (non-contrafactual, non-aspectual) subjunctive verbs are created by deleting the last sufsettle (गा / गे / गी) from easy future tense verbs. Hence, for instance: करेगा → करे, करोगी → करो, होंगे → हों, etc.
Simple Subjunctive:
Complex (Non-Contrafactual, Aspectual) Subjunctive are formed by altering the last verb in an indicative verb form to a non-aspectual subjunctive verb. Thus, for instance, कर रहा है → कर रहा हो, किए हैं → किए हों, करता है → करता हो, and so on.
Complex Subjunctive:
Simple (Non-Aspectual) Contrafactual Subjunctive verbs incidentally have actually the same develop as the consistent participle, e.g. करता, होता, जाते, etc.
Simple Contrafactual Subjunctive:
Complex (Aspectual) Contrafactual Subjunctive verbs are formed by altering the last verb in an indicative verb develop to a non-aspectual contrafactual subjunctive verb. Hence, for circumstances, कर रहा है → कर रहा होता, किए हैं → किए होते, करता है → करता होता, and so on.
Complex Contrafactual Subjunctive:
The following table summarizes these forms via examples:
Non-ContrafactualContrafactual
| Non-Aspectual | करेगा → करे | करना → करता |
| Aspectual | कर रहा है → कर रहा हो | कर रहा है → कर रहा होता |
Below are tables of each major create, complied with by a master table.
Non-Contrafactual Subjunctive
Non-contrafactual subjunctive verbs do not make any kind of contrary-to-reality statements.
Simple (Non-Aspectual) Subjunctive
The basic (non-aspectual) subjunctive in Hindi is developed by deleting the last sufsettle (गा/गे/गी) from a future tense verb. It therefore does not inflect for gender, but it does inflect for number and also perboy.
Simple Subjunctive: करेगा → करे
The Non-Aspectual Forms of होना
The non-aspectual subjunctive creates of होना are as follows:
| मैं | हूँ/होऊँ |
| हम | हों |
| आप | हों |
| तुम | हो |
| तू | हो |
| यह/वह | हो |
| ये/वे | हों |
Note the alternate spelling for the first perkid singular subjunctive develop of होना.
The Non-Aspectual Forms of करनाThe non-aspectual subjunctive develops of the verb करना are noted listed below.
Active Non-Aspectual SubjunctiveThe active non-aspectual forms of करना are as follows:
| मैं | करूं |
| हम | करें |
| आप | करें |
| तुम | करो |
| तू | करे |
| यह/वह | करे |
| ये/वे | करें |
Note that the subjunctive develop corresponding to तुम is the same to the imperative verb form करो. The 2 moods have the right to be distinguimelted by context.
Passive Non-Aspectual SubjunctiveThe passive simple (non-aspectual) subjunctive is formed choose verbs in passive voice; the perfect participle of the verb is adhered to by a form of the verb जाना. Both inflect for sex, number, and perchild prefer most verbs.
Passive Simple Subjunctive: